Communication as Culture: An Introduction to the Communication Process

Edition: 4

Copyright: 2022

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Far from being a context in which communication occurs, culture is the very basis of communication.

Communication as Culture explains that whether people talk with family members or someone from another country, they are never anything more or less than enculturated people who abide by the limits of their language, values and ideals. People talk about certain things and view others in certain ways. Everything a person does and says reinforces or shows opposition to culture.

This means that, rather than being the source, the self is the product and manifestation of all things cultural. The purpose of this textbook, then, is to offer an alternative approach to the study of human communication.

Preface and Acknowledgments 

About the Authors 

 

Chapter 1 Introduction to Communication as Culture

Learning Objectives

Introduction

The Electronic Communication Revolution

Purpose of the Text

Culture Defined

The Study of Culture

Ethnomethodology

Reading: A Conception of and Experiments with “Trust” as a Condition of Concerted Stable Actions by Harold Garfinkel

Summary 

 

Chapter 2 Definition of Communication

Learning Objectives

Poem: Blind Men and the Elephant by John Godfrey Saxe 

Introduction

Communication Defined

A Side Note on Theory

Theory Defined

Approaches to Theory Construction

Metatheories

Ontology

Epistemology

Axiology

Summary

Reading: Defining Communication by Donald B. Egolf

 

Chapter 3 A Short History of the Study of Communication

Learning Objectives

Introduction

450 B.C.E. to the 1900s

The 1920s to the 1940s

The 1940s to the 1950s

A Side Note on Models of Communication

The 1950s to the 1970s

The 1970s to the Present

Organizational/Institutional Communication

Small Group Communication

Interpersonal Communication

Intrapersonal Communication

A Side Note on the National Communication Association

Summary

 

Chapter 4 Perception and Reality

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Perception Defined

Communication and Reality

Multiple Realities

The Perceptual Process

Summary

Reading: Pygmalion in the Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupils’ Intellectual Development by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson

 

Chapter 5 Non-Verbal Communication

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Communication Channels

Communication Codes

Categories of Non-Verbal Communication

Role of Non-Verbal Communication

Significance of Non-Verbal Communication

Relationship between Non-Verbal and Verbal Communication

Communication Metaphors

Summary

Web Link: The Pious Ones by Harvey Arden

 

Chapter 6 Verbal Communication

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Language Defined

Two Types of Meaning

Language as Human Enterprise

Language Enables Thought

Problems of Translation

Contents Language Evokes Passions and Emotions

The Semantic Differential

Language Enables Power

Who Labels Whom?

How Do Men and Women Use Words?

Summary

 

Chapter 7 Listening and Empathy

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Listening vs. Hearing

Three Processes Associated with Listening

Obstacles to Effective Listening

Types of Listening

Empathy

What Empathy Is Not

Behaviors Associated with Empathy

Conclusions

Summary

Chapter 8 Communication and the Self

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Communication: A Basic Life Process

The Johari Window

Impression Management and Identity Negotiation

Feeling Management

Acting Techniques

The Reality of Our Identity

Summary

Reading: Maintaining Institutional Realities by John Heritage

 

Sources Cited

Chapter Exercises

Test Your Knowledge: Answers

Index

John Gareis
Ellen Cohn

Far from being a context in which communication occurs, culture is the very basis of communication.

Communication as Culture explains that whether people talk with family members or someone from another country, they are never anything more or less than enculturated people who abide by the limits of their language, values and ideals. People talk about certain things and view others in certain ways. Everything a person does and says reinforces or shows opposition to culture.

This means that, rather than being the source, the self is the product and manifestation of all things cultural. The purpose of this textbook, then, is to offer an alternative approach to the study of human communication.

Preface and Acknowledgments 

About the Authors 

 

Chapter 1 Introduction to Communication as Culture

Learning Objectives

Introduction

The Electronic Communication Revolution

Purpose of the Text

Culture Defined

The Study of Culture

Ethnomethodology

Reading: A Conception of and Experiments with “Trust” as a Condition of Concerted Stable Actions by Harold Garfinkel

Summary 

 

Chapter 2 Definition of Communication

Learning Objectives

Poem: Blind Men and the Elephant by John Godfrey Saxe 

Introduction

Communication Defined

A Side Note on Theory

Theory Defined

Approaches to Theory Construction

Metatheories

Ontology

Epistemology

Axiology

Summary

Reading: Defining Communication by Donald B. Egolf

 

Chapter 3 A Short History of the Study of Communication

Learning Objectives

Introduction

450 B.C.E. to the 1900s

The 1920s to the 1940s

The 1940s to the 1950s

A Side Note on Models of Communication

The 1950s to the 1970s

The 1970s to the Present

Organizational/Institutional Communication

Small Group Communication

Interpersonal Communication

Intrapersonal Communication

A Side Note on the National Communication Association

Summary

 

Chapter 4 Perception and Reality

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Perception Defined

Communication and Reality

Multiple Realities

The Perceptual Process

Summary

Reading: Pygmalion in the Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupils’ Intellectual Development by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson

 

Chapter 5 Non-Verbal Communication

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Communication Channels

Communication Codes

Categories of Non-Verbal Communication

Role of Non-Verbal Communication

Significance of Non-Verbal Communication

Relationship between Non-Verbal and Verbal Communication

Communication Metaphors

Summary

Web Link: The Pious Ones by Harvey Arden

 

Chapter 6 Verbal Communication

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Language Defined

Two Types of Meaning

Language as Human Enterprise

Language Enables Thought

Problems of Translation

Contents Language Evokes Passions and Emotions

The Semantic Differential

Language Enables Power

Who Labels Whom?

How Do Men and Women Use Words?

Summary

 

Chapter 7 Listening and Empathy

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Listening vs. Hearing

Three Processes Associated with Listening

Obstacles to Effective Listening

Types of Listening

Empathy

What Empathy Is Not

Behaviors Associated with Empathy

Conclusions

Summary

Chapter 8 Communication and the Self

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Communication: A Basic Life Process

The Johari Window

Impression Management and Identity Negotiation

Feeling Management

Acting Techniques

The Reality of Our Identity

Summary

Reading: Maintaining Institutional Realities by John Heritage

 

Sources Cited

Chapter Exercises

Test Your Knowledge: Answers

Index

John Gareis
Ellen Cohn